Pet coke, short for petroleum coke, is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refining processes. It is a byproduct of the coking unit in a refinery, where heavy crude oil is thermally cracked to produce lighter petroleum products like gasoline and diesel. Pet coke is predominantly composed of carbon and has a high calorific value, making it a cost-effective fuel for industrial applications such as cement manufacturing, power generation, and aluminum production. However, pet coke combustion releases pollutants like sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, contributing to air pollution and environmental concerns. Its use is regulated in many regions due to its environmental impact, although it remains a significant energy source in certain industries.