Fatty acids are essential building blocks of fats and oils, crucial for numerous physiological processes in living organisms. Structurally, they consist of a long hydrocarbon chain terminating with a carboxyl group (-COOH). These molecules vary in length and saturation, influencing their properties and biological functions. Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids possess one or more double bonds, imparting flexibility and fluidity. Essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from diet. Fatty acids play vital roles in energy storage, cellular membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and inflammation regulation, highlighting their significance in maintaining overall health and well-being.